Safety: testing Electrical outlets

[x-pro]

Grounding, marking, designations!
You forget that the user has a device that in most cases is not new. This means that something in it may no longer meet electrical standards. The safety of the owner must be ensured by himself, especially in important places. Whether he does it himself or has a specialist do it is up to him. It is good to have a document of such verification.
It is better if a specialist checks the instrument before the artist's performance. But where and who does this? Only what owner would give his favorite expensive props to be checked by a specialist)?

Maybe I'm wrong.

[g1]

Are the articles suggesting that the hot is connected to the neutral leg of the socket AND the ground lead of the socket Without a real ground back to the box, and the neutral is connected to the hot leafld on the outlet?

Yes. Post #26 has a working link to the article.
He calls it 'reverse bootleg ground'.
Here are the images of the wiring, and how the outlet tester does not register a fault:

[Greg Robinson]

Here in Australia (and there are similar requirements in other countries - Japan, much of Europe, etc), these outlet testers often feature a ground fault test button that places a resistor between active and ground, allowing at least 30mA of current to flow. Any new installation (or modification to an existing installation) now requires a RCD/GFCI with maximum 30mA trip current, and the test button will identify any such "bootleg groound". Unfortunately you're unlikely to get invited back anywhere if you try that during soundcheck, as it will trip the RCD which will be hidden in the electrical panel somewhere. Rather inconvenient, but at least possible to confirm swapped ground/neutral or "bootleg ground".

[g1]

Any new installation (or modification to an existing installation) now requires a RCD/GFCI with maximum 30mA trip current, and the test button will identify any such "bootleg groound".

I could be wrong, but I think this may be a uniquely North American or single phase issue. Our neutral and earth are connected at the distribution panel.

[Greg Robinson]

I could be wrong, but I think this may be a uniquely North American or single phase issue. Our neutral and earth are connected at the distribution panel.

As they are here. But ONLY at the panel, else the function of protective earth and RCD/GFCI is defeated.

[Mars Amp Repair]

Yes. Post #26 has a working link to the article.
He calls it 'reverse bootleg ground'.
Here are the images of the wiring, and how the outlet tester does not register a fault:

Holy crap!
That's flat out frightening, esp that the testers won't catch it. You're right, DYI'ers who know nothing about electrical wiring could actually do this even unknowingly when replacing an already bootlegged outlet by switching the hot and neutral.
thanx for posting the diagrams.