Electric fences operate by having one side of the output connected to an efficient ground. This is usually one or more dedicated copper-clad rods driven into the ground. The fence is insulated and connected to the 'hot' energizer output. So even in a situation where you have more than one fencing strand (such as used in rabbit protection), all the strands are connected to the 'hot' side.
Animals though are very different to humans in the way they get shocked. A fencer voltage that may not appear to give too much of a shock to a person can give a fair jolt to an animal because either a) it's very small, or b) it has four legs in contact with the ground, or c) animals touch things with their noses when investigating. They don't wear rubber sneakers, either.
There used to be high output energizers (now outlawed pretty much everywhere) called 'grass burners'. They put out high voltage and a fair current, and were intended to burn any vegetation away that grew against the fence which would cause a regular fence to short out. They were responsible for many fires and would kill small animals. These were also used (illegally) for protection against human intruders due to the severity of shock.
All energizers need a safety spark gap to protect the unit against an open circuit or high-resistance output. If not the transformer will eventually fail. Also consider radio, TV and other interference.
Animals though are very different to humans in the way they get shocked. A fencer voltage that may not appear to give too much of a shock to a person can give a fair jolt to an animal because either a) it's very small, or b) it has four legs in contact with the ground, or c) animals touch things with their noses when investigating. They don't wear rubber sneakers, either.
There used to be high output energizers (now outlawed pretty much everywhere) called 'grass burners'. They put out high voltage and a fair current, and were intended to burn any vegetation away that grew against the fence which would cause a regular fence to short out. They were responsible for many fires and would kill small animals. These were also used (illegally) for protection against human intruders due to the severity of shock.
All energizers need a safety spark gap to protect the unit against an open circuit or high-resistance output. If not the transformer will eventually fail. Also consider radio, TV and other interference.
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